Many patients with PFAS first experience rhinoconjunctivitis because the specific IgE antibody to pollen becomes the source of cross-reactivity with the fruit or vegetable allergen. A recent Korean multicenter study reported that the prevalence of PFAS was 41.7% in patients with pollen allergy, 20%–30% in cases of sensitization to summer or autumn pollen alone, and higher than 50% in simultaneous sensitization to spring and autumn pollen or sensitization to all spring, summer, and autumn pollens. According to Korean data, the total prevalence of PFAS was 34.6%, while the prevalence of PFAS in cases of tree pollen sensitization accounted for 48% and that in patients with grass or weed pollen sensitization accounted for 13%. A survey of patients with pollen allergy in Sweden reported that PFAS was present in 70% of individuals with a birch pollen allergy and 19% of those with other pollen allergies. The prevalence of PFAS is usually determined in populations with pollen allergy or sensitization. The prevalence of PFAS depends on the characteristics of the target population. In Europe, its prevalence is reportedly 40%–50% in patients with pollen allergy and approximately 20% in the Mediterranean region, a birch- and ragweed-free area. The prevalence of PFAS varies among regions and pollen type. first used the term “oral allergy syndrome” in 1987. 2011 14(3):274–81.Tuft and Blumstein first reported on the existence of a labile antigen in fresh fruits in 1942, while Amlot et al. Phylogeny and evolution of the Archaea: one hundred genomes later. The origin and evolution of Archaea: a state of the art. Size-selective fractionation and visual mapping of allergen protein chemistry in Arachis hypogaea. Hebling CM, Ross MM, Callahan JH, McFarland MA. Quantification of major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in the peanut varieties Runner, Spanish, Virginia, and Valencia, bred in different parts of the world. Koppelman SJ, Vlooswijk RA, Knippels LM, Hessing M, Knol EF, van Reijsen FC, et al. Lipids, proteins, phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of seeds of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea l) cultivated in Tunisia.
Sebei K, Gnouma A, Herchi W, Sakouhi F, Boukhchina S. This review also addresses the less well-studied cross-reactivity between cupin and prolamin allergens of peanuts and of other plant food sources and the recently discovered cross-reactivity between peanut allergens of unrelated protein families. Molecular cross-reactivity has been described between members of the Bet v 1-like proteins, the non-specific lipid transfer proteins, and the profilins. Clinical observations frequently report an association of peanut allergy with allergies to legumes, tree nuts, seeds, fruits and pollen. Two allergens belong to the cupin and four to the prolamin superfamily, and six are distributed among profilins, Bet v 1-like proteins, oleosins, and defensins. Currently, the IUIS allergen nomenclature subcommittee accepts 12 peanut allergens. This article describes the classification and molecular biology of peanut seed allergens with particular reference to their cross-reactivities. Peanut seeds are currently widely used as source of human food ingredients in the United States of America and in European countries due to their high quality protein and oil content.
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